输入文本
Entry Widgets
entry是tkinter用来获得用户输入的基本部件（widgets），它可以让用户输入单行文本。如果你想输入多行文本，就要使用text部件。entry的语法如下：
w = Entry(master, option, ... )
master代表父窗口（parent window），entry部件会布置在里面。像其他部件一样可以使用属性（options）来进一步修饰entry部件。
下面的程序创造了有两个entry区域的应用（这里没有使用属性）：
from tkinter import *
master = Tk()
Label(master, text="First Name").grid(row=0)
Label(master, text="Last Name").grid(row=1)
e1 = Entry(master)
e2 = Entry(master)
e1.grid(row=0, column=1)
e2.grid(row=1, column=1)
mainloop()
程序运行结果：
我们已经有了两个输入的地方，但是，我们的程序要如何获取这些数据呢？这就是get()方法的作用。
下面的程序使用了get()方法来获取用户输入，同时增加了两个按钮：
from tkinter import *
def show_entry_fields():
print("First Name: %s\nLast Name: %s" % (e1.get(), e2.get()))
master = Tk()
Label(master, text="First Name").grid(row=0)
Label(master, text="Last Name").grid(row=1)
e1 = Entry(master)
e2 = Entry(master)
e1.grid(row=0, column=1)
e2.grid(row=1, column=1)
Button(master, text='Quit', command=master.quit).grid(row=3, column=0, sticky=W, pady=4)
Button(master, text='Show', command=show_entry_fields).grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=W, pady=4)
mainloop( )
如果我们想让输入框显示默认值怎么办？
e1.insert(10,"Miller")
e2.insert(10,"Jill")
如果我们想删除entry对象的输入怎么办？我们可以使用delete()方法：
delete(first,last=None)
如果只有一个数字，就按索引删除对应字母。如果是两个数字，就删除first到last的字母。使用delete(0,END)删除部件内的所有文本。
from tkinter import *
def show_entry_fields():
print("First Name: %s\nLast Name: %s" % (e1.get(), e2.get()))
e1.delete(0,END)
e2.delete(0,END)
master = Tk()
Label(master, text="First Name").grid(row=0)
Label(master, text="Last Name").grid(row=1)
e1 = Entry(master)
e2 = Entry(master)
e1.insert(10,"Miller")
e2.insert(10,"Jill")
e1.grid(row=0, column=1)
e2.grid(row=1, column=1)
Button(master, text='Quit', command=master.quit).grid(row=3,column=0, sticky=W, pady=4)
Button(master, text='Show', command=show_entry_fields).grid(row=3, column=1, sticky=W, pady=4)
mainloop( )
下面的程序让我们以更加pythonic的方式创建许多输入框：
#!/usr/bin/python3
from tkinter import *
fields = 'Last Name', 'First Name', 'Job', 'Country'
def fetch(entries):
for entry in entries:
field = entry[0]
text = entry[1].get()
print('%s: "%s"' % (field, text))
def makeform(root, fields):
entries = []
for field in fields:
row = Frame(root)
lab = Label(row, width=15, text=field, anchor='w')
ent = Entry(row)
row.pack(side=TOP, fill=X, padx=5, pady=5)
lab.pack(side=LEFT)
ent.pack(side=RIGHT, expand=YES, fill=X)
entries.append((field, ent))
return entries
if __name__ == '__main__':
root = Tk()
ents = makeform(root, fields)
root.bind('<Return>', (lambda event, e=ents: fetch(e)))
b1 = Button(root, text='Show',
command=(lambda e=ents: fetch(e)))
b1.pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)
b2 = Button(root, text='Quit', command=root.quit)
b2.pack(side=LEFT, padx=5, pady=5)
root.mainloop()
Text Widgets
使用Text()方法来创建一个text部件。
Tkinter import *
root = Tk()
T = Text(root, height=2, width=30)
T.pack()
T.insert(END, "Just a text Widget\nin two lines\n")
mainloop()
我们使用更长的文本：
from Tkinter import *
root = Tk()
T = Text(root, height=2, width=30)
T.pack()
quote = """HAMLET: To be, or not to be--that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles
And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep--
No more--and by a sleep to say we end
The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wished."""
T.insert(END, quote)
mainloop()
程序结果如下：
我们可以使用Scrollbar()来为窗口增加滚动条：
from Tkinter import *
root = Tk()
S = Scrollbar(root)
T = Text(root, height=4, width=50)
S.pack(side=RIGHT, fill=Y)
T.pack(side=LEFT, fill=Y)
S.config(command=T.yview)
T.config(yscrollcommand=S.set)
quote = """HAMLET: To be, or not to be--that is the question:
Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer
The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune
Or to take arms against a sea of troubles
And by opposing end them. To die, to sleep--
No more--and by a sleep to say we end
The heartache, and the thousand natural shocks
That flesh is heir to. 'Tis a consummation
Devoutly to be wished."""
T.insert(END, quote)
mainloop( )
程序结果如下：
参考资料：